“In the year of “Surge in Production”, the petrochemical industry is trying to benefit from the most of the domestic capabilities and with new petrochemical projects being inaugurated, the production capacity in this industry will increase significantly,” IRNA quoted Ali-Mohammad Bosaqzadeh as saying.

He said the petrochemical industry is now the center and pillar of the country’s economic development and is in close collaboration with all industrial sectors, adding that injecting resources into the productive sectors and prohibiting the waste of national resources can lead to the second and third leaps in the petrochemical industry.

Noting that the balanced development of the petrochemical industry is of particular interest among NPC strategies for the current year, he said: “In this regard, the development of downstream petrochemical industries is going to prevent the sale of raw materials and will result in the production of products with higher added value.”

He further noted that most of the underway projects in this industry are currently using domestic equipment, licenses and technological knowledge of Iranian experts.

Considering the undeniable significance of the petrochemical industry in Iran’s resilient economy in the sanctions era, the Iranian Oil Ministry and the country’s National Petrochemical Company have been taking major steps to facilitate further development of this industry in recent years.

Back in September 2019, Bosaqzadeh noted that Iran‘s annual petrochemical output, which is currently at nearly 70 million tons, is planned to reach more than 100 million tons by the Iranian calendar year of 1400 (ends on March 2022) and to 130 million tons or nearly doubled) by 1404 (ends on March 2026).

Also in August 2019, Oil Minister Bijan Namdar Zanganeh had announced that the country’s annual petrochemical output is expected to reach more than 100 million tons by 2021, despite U.S. sanctions.

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Construction of the refinery started in 2006, but the project was delayed as the result of some  financial limitation due to the sanctions against Iran.

Planned to have a total crude oil processing capacity of 360,000 barrels per day, Persian Gulf Star is projected to be complete by the end of the next Iranian calendar year 1397 (March 20, 2019).

The facility is owned by Oil, Gas and Petrochemical Investment Company (49%), Oil Industry Pension Fund (33.1%) and National Iranian Oil Refining and Distribution Company (NIORDC) (17.9%).

The project is estimated to be completed at a cost of approximately $3.4bn.

Once fully operational, the refinery will add over 36 million liters of Euro-4 and Euro-5 quality gasoline to the country’s gasoline production capacity to increase it to 100 million liters per day.

When the first phase of Persian Gulf Star Refinery was inaugurated by President Hassan Rouhani on April 30, 2017, Iran said it is now self-sufficient in gasoline production.

“By inaugurating the first phase of this refinery an old dream came true. We are self-sufficient in gasoline production and in near future we will be able to export,” Rouhani said in the inaugural ceremony of the first phase.

Second phase of the refinery is scheduled to be complete by the end of the current Iranian calendar year (March 20, 2018) adding 12 million liters of Euro 5 gasoline to Iran’s capacity of the product, Alireza Sadeq-Abadi, the managing director of National Iranian Oil Refining and Distribution Company (NIORDC), announced in the inaugural ceremony of the distillation unit of the second phase on February 14.

In mid-December last year, Oil Minister Bijan Namdar Zanganeh said Iran will reach a stable status in gasoline production once the second phase of Persian Gulf Star Refinery comes on stream.

Bringing self-sufficiency for the country in terms of gasoline production, once fully operational, the Middle East’s largest processing facility for gas condensate will also play a big role to turn Iran into an exporter of gasoline.

The big job has already started as the first shipment of Euro 5 gasoline produced by Persian Gulf Star Refinery was delivered to Shahid Rajaee port in south of the country in early December last year.

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“There is bad news and good news,” believes Chris Cook, a strategic market consultant, who also formerly headed the International Petroleum Exchange.

“The bad news is that the Trump administration is intent on making Iranian access to dollars — whether dollar payments or dollar investment via equity funding or debt financing — to all intents and purposes impossible, notwithstanding anything in the JCPOA,” Cook said responding to Trend query regarding the Islamic Republic’s capability to draw foreign investment to renew the country’s oil and gas industry.

“The good news is that it is completely possible for trillions of dollars worth of investment to be made in Iran and in neighboring countries without using dollars at all. This is because accounting/pricing — or keeping score — of transactions in dollars is very different from using the dollar clearing system to repay dollar debts or repatriate dollar profits on investment,” he added.

Iran’s Oil Minister Bijan Namdar Zanganeh has in recent years been engaged in updating the long-standing ‘Energy Diplomacy’, developed during the former president Mohammad Khatami’s administration, Cook reminded, adding that this ‘smart energy policy’ instrument consisted of energy swaps, such as the Caspian oil swap (flows of Caspian crude oil into northern Iran, exchanged for flows of crude oil delivered out of the Persian Gulf).

“In addition to reactivation of these and similar swaps, perhaps the most remarkable — and most important — ‘Energy Diplomacy’ was the recently contracted South Pars 11 investment by Total, through which 20 years’ investment of technology, skills and experience will be swapped for a flow of condensate. The outcome is firstly a ‘smart swap’ of intellectual value for the value of carbon fuels, and secondly, through the participation of Chinese investors the deal provides 20 years’ security of condensate demand for Iran and 20 years’ security of condensate supply for China,” Cook suggested.

“The point is that such smart swaps will — within a suitable networked market platform or ‘energy clearing union’ — enable many hundred billion dollars worth of intellectual and other resources required by Iran to be swapped for many hundred billion dollars worth of carbon fuels supplied by Iran.

“Since such swaps do not take place on the oil market platform dominated by the US, they do not require settlement in dollars through the US dollar clearing system from which Iran is effectively excluded.”

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Bijan Zangaeh, while pointing to continuation of talks with Maersk Group, voiced optimism that final agreements will be reached in near future.

“What’s more, Pars Oil and Gas Company Ltd. has been chosen as the contractor of the project,” he continued.

In the same line, Deputy Head of NIOC for Development and Engineering Affairs Gholamreza Manouchehri recounted on results of negotiations asserting “for the moment, talks will continue with Denmark’s Maersk until a contract is signed in near future.”

Manouchehri’s remarks come at a time when he has asked Petroiran Development Company to seek consultations from Maersk Group. Such an emphasis seems to be rooted in the fact that the Danish firm is in charge of developing South Pars Oil Layer project.

Complementing oil minister’s statements on the change in the project’s contractor, the NIOC official said “the primary contractor of the project was Pars Oil and Gas Company though the responsibility was later shifted to the Iranian Offshore Oil Company (IOOC) before returning to the former again based on recent decisions.”

“SPOL was supposed to yield 35,000 oil barrels per day on a regular basis though the output figure currently stands at 25 thousand barrels and will hopefully reach the envisaged level by the end of current year,” stressed the official.

Until a year ago, Maersk Group was in charge of development and production in the Qatari side of South Pars Oil Layer and it had managed to recover one billion barrels. Nevertheless, Total’s proposal to Qatar over the layer led the Danish firm out of the oil-rich region and marked an end to its partnership with Qataris.

Afterwards, Maersk launched more serious talks with National Iranian Oil Company (NIOC) though no final deal has been sealed yet. Several decades ago, the Danish business conglomerate held sessions with the Iranian Ministry of Petroleum though its proposals were rejected and Petroiran Development Company was put in charge of the developmental project.

Several marginal issues in the drilling project and failure of Schlumberger drilling program brought about a series of unwanted events until the first Floating Production, Storage and Offloading (FPSO) unit was purchased.

Return of Maersk Group to Iran is reminiscent of the remarks made by International Petroleum Consultant and the then Director of Maersk for legal affairs and contract Pasha Ramazanpour who said “despite willingness of the Danish firm to develop the oil layer, the project has been assigned to a newly-formed Iranian company.”

A.P. Moller–Maersk Group, also known as Maersk, is a Danish business conglomerate. A.P. Møller – Maersk Group has activities in a variety of business sectors, primarily within the transport and energy sectors.

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The inauguration of phases 17-21 paves the way for Iran to overtake neighboring Qatar in production from the offshore gas field which it shares with Iran, Iranian officials said, reported AFP.

Iran has so far developed 12 phases in the field – phases 1, 2&3, 4&5, 6-8, 9&10, 15&16.  The remaining phases are 11, 12, 13, 14 and 22-24.

“Our production has reached 575 million cubic meters per day,” said Rouhani at the ceremony.

Iran’s total gas production is 885 million cubic meters per day.

It is estimated that production from every two phases of South Pars would generate $3.5-$4 billion for Iran. Reports further said that the total investments in phases that were inaugurated today would be reimbursed within less than two years.

“At the height of sanctions, with the help of Iranian engineers and workers, we succeeded in developing 11 phases of South Pars,” noted Oil Minister Bijan Namadar Zanganeh.

South Pars is the largest known gas reserves in the world. Iran has the largest gas reserves in the world, and the fourth-largest oil reserves.

Each of the new projects produces 28 million cubic meters per day, Zanganeh told reporters late Saturday.

Qatar announced earlier this month that it was ending a 12-year ban on new projects at its section of the shared field. Qataris call their part of the deposit the North Field, which together with South Pars forms the world’s largest reserves of non-associated gas. Iran has no plans to impede Qatar over its activities at North Field, Zanganeh said. “They can carry out their development projects as we do ours,” he said.

 Iranian President Hassan Rouhani inaugurated Phase 19 development project of the South Pars gas field (SP. 19).

Iran is targeting the export of 50 million cubic meters of gas per day to neighboring Iraq once that country can arrange for a letter of credit to finance the purchase, Zanganeh said.

Since the nuclear deal went into effect in January 2016, Iran has increased oil production from 2.6 million barrels per day (mbd) to 3.9 mbd, while more than doubling its oil exports.

Iran has signed a flurry of deals with Western companies over the past year since the easing of international sanctions on Tehran after an accord was reached over its nuclear program.

Iran needs foreign investment for repairs and upgrading of its oil and gas fields. It also seeks the transfer of technology to its oil industry after a decade of sanctions.

In November 2016, France’s Total became the first oil major to sign a big deal with Tehran since the lifting of sanctions and agreed to help it develop the world’s largest gas field, South Pars.

Shell signed a provisional deal in December to develop Iranian oil and gas fields of South Azadegan, Yadavaran and Kish.

Iran has named 29 companies from more than a dozen countries as being eligible to bid for oil and gas projects using the new, less restrictive contract model.

The firms include Shell, France’s Total, Italy’s Eni, Malaysia’s Petronas and Russia’s Gazprom and Lukoil, as well as companies from China, Austria, Japan and other countries.

Russia’s Zarubezhneft signed an MoU for a feasibility study on two joint fields in the west of the country.

Norway’s International Aker Solutions Company signed an MoU to modernize Iran’s oil industry.

Last May, Austria’s OMV signed an MoU for projects in the Zagros area in western Iran and the Fars field in the south.

South Korean Daewoo Engineering and Construction (Daewoo E&C) signed an MoU to construct an oil refinery in Bandar Jask, on the southern coast of Iran.

Italy’s Saipem signed MoUs to cooperate on pipeline projects, upgrading of refineries and development of Tous gas field in the northeastern province of Khorasan Razavi.

Norwegian oil and gas company DNO said it was the second Western energy company after Total to sign a deal with Iran under which it agreed to study the development of the Changuleh oilfield in western Iran.

Lukoil, Russia’s second biggest oil producer, hopes to reach a decision on developing two new oilfields in Iran.

Germany’s Siemens AG signed an MoU in May to overhaul equipment and facilities at Iran’s oil operations and refineries.

BASF’s Wintershall oil and gas exploration subsidiary signed an MoU with the National Iranian Oil Company in April 2016.

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The increase in volumes since international sanctions against Tehran were lifted in January 2016 has made Iran the second-largest oil supplier to South Korea after Saudi Arabia, in the first quarter of 2017, reported Reuters quoting preliminary customs data on Saturday.

Iran was fifth-largest in the first quarter of 2016, behind Saudi Arabia, Iraq, Kuwait and Qatar, according to data from Korea National Oil Corp. (KNOC).

The official KNOC data ranked Iran as second-largest for the first two months of the year. KNOC figures for March and the quarter are due out in one week.

In March, the customs data showed South Korea imported 2.26 million tons of Iranian crude, or 534,368 barrels per day (bpd), up 118.8 percent from 1.03 million tons a year ago, reaching a record. That was up 38.3 percent from 1.63 million tons in February.

The world’s fifth-largest crude importer and one of Tehran’s biggest customers shipped in 5.68 million tons of Iranian crude in the first three months of 2017, or 463,234 bpd, up 92.4 percent from the 2.96 million tons imported during the same period a year ago.

Meanwhile, oil shipments from Saudi Arabia to South Kore, rose 10.9 percent to 3.52 million tons, or 831,413 bpd, in March on year. That was down 2.6 percent from 3.61 million tons a month ago as the world’s top oil exporter complies with the OPEC deal to cut supplies.

Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) and some non-OPEC members reached an agreement to curb output last year by almost 1.8 mbd in the first half of 2017. Iran was exempted from the deal.

South Korea’s crude oil imports from Saudi Arabia fell 10 percent to 10.44 million tons in the first quarter of this year, or 850,614 bpd, from 11.61 million tons in the previous quarter, but that was 5.7 percent higher on year.

Overall, Asia’s fourth-largest economy brought in 12.68 million tons of crude oil in March this year, or nearly 3 mbd — up 10.1 percent from 11.52 million tons a year ago — according to the data.

For the first quarter of 2017, South Korea imported 36.94 million tons of crude, or 3.01 mbd, up 4.6 percent from 35.32 million tons a year earlier.

Final data for the country’s March crude oil imports will be released by state-run KNOC later this month.

Iran’s Oil Ministry said early this month that the country’s total exports of crude oil and condensates had exceeded three million barrels per day — a level not seen for at least the past six years.

Oil Minister Bijan Namdar Zanganeh said, “The pace of growth in Iran’s crude oil production and exports has amazed international observers who did not think Iran could raise its production by one million barrels per day within three to four months after the removal of sanctions.”

According to the ministry, almost a third of Iran’s oil exports, or over 700,000 bpd, is currently destined for Europe. The country exported around 600,000 bpd of oil to Europe during pre-sanctions years.

A top oil official said last December that Iran had started exports of condensate to Europe by sending a maiden cargo of one million barrels to certain EU clients.

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“Following the removal of sanctions, new players have emerged in the mix,” VesselsValue said in a report. Iran’s crude oil shipments have been delivered to destinations ranging from Malaysia and Singapore in Asia to Syria in Africa, it said, according to Platts.

In 2016, the number of voyages to deliver crude from Iran to France was estimated at 21, while Italy, Greece and Spain took 15, 14 and 13 shipments respectively, it said. This includes shipments in VLCC, Suezmaxes and Aframaxes.

In July 2012, the European Union had banned the import of Iranian crude by member countries and also the provisions of EU-linked insurance, which included protection and indemnity cover for any shipments of Iranian crude, irrespective of destination. The sanctions were relaxed in January last year.

There has also been a significant change in the geographical mix of owners whose ships were used to lift Iranian cargoes of crude.

Prior to the lifting of sanctions, the National Iranian Tanker Company (NITC) was the largest provider of tonnage to load cargoes from Iran, in addition to Iran-o Hind, Idemitsu Tanker, JX Ocean and KLine.

The Iranian ships were provided local insurance cover but there were always concerns over the possibility of any potential liability in event of maritime accidents in waters of importing countries which were permitted to purchase crude from Tehran.

During the period of sanctions, India permitted Iranian ships to call at Indian ports based on Tehran’s local insurance cover, China used ships of domestic companies while the Japanese government provided insurance cover only for VLCCs.

South Korea and Taiwan also took deliveries of cargoes purchased on a cost and freight (CFR) basis.

Now, “the group of shipowners lifting crude from Iran has changed dramatically to include those from Greece and Belgium”, VesselsValue said.

“The influx of owners from Greece has significantly increased the number of Suezmaxes plying on the ex-Iran voyages to 81 last year, compared with 15 in 2015,” the report said.

While NITC continues to be the market leader in terms of the number of ships deployed for loading crude from Iran, other companies with ships loading from the country include Dynacom, Delta Tankers, Euronav, Polembros, COSCO, Avin International, Olympic Shipping and Management, New Shipping and Thenamaris, it said.

Last month, two Iranian VLCCs, the ‘Huge’ and the ‘Snow’ delivered a mix of the country’s heavy and light crude grades to Shell at Rotterdam, according to trade sources and S&P Global Platts.

In late January, Iran’s Oil Minister Bijan Namdar Zanganeh said that the country was producing 3.9 mbd crude and was set to reach its 4 mbd target by the end of the Iranian year on March 20.

This will mark the return of Iran’s output to levels last seen before 2012, when international sanctions were imposed on the country.

A Platts survey released on February 6 estimated Iranian production at 3.72 mbd in January, up 30,000 bpd from December.

While cuts in crude production have been initiated under an OPEC-led agreement, Iran is allowed to boost its output to 3.797 mbd. If this materializes, Iran’s output would exceed its OPEC quota by more than 100,000 bpd.

This is expected to translated into more crude shipments from Iran. According to VesselsValue, the seaborne exports of Iranian crude are rising significantly.

The number of crude laden shipments from Iran increased to 563 last year — up from 66 in 2012 and 277 in 2015, their data showed.

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Speaking to an IRIB TV, Bijan Zanganeh touched upon roots of the halt in gas imports from Turkmenistan while highlighting that the volume of gas purchase from the neighboring country had been negligible.

The official said National Iranian Gas Company had been put in charge of pursuing the issue of termination in gas imports from Turkmenistan asserting that Oil Ministry or the Government would not follow up the issue.

He stressed that Islamic Republic of Iran pursued the policy of holding friendly relations with all neighboring states; “existing dispute between NIGC and Türkmengaz need to be resolved.”

Later into his remarks, Zanganeh recalled that 11 new South Pars phases had come on stream over the past three years or will become operational in the present year; “phases 17, 18, 19, 20 and 21 will be inaugurated by the end of the current Iranian calendar year (to end March 20).”

The senior oil official further referred to the boost in production at West Karun joint oilfields saying “parallel with the rise in oil and gas production, implementation of Resistance Economy policies has been also put on the agenda of Oil Ministry.”

“Accordingly, gas transmission to villages is being undertaken,” highlighted Bijan Zanganeh adding that the gas transfer pipeline to Zahedan will be completed within months as promised earlier by the President.

He estimated that revenues from sales of crude oil and gas condensate will climb to about 41 billion dollars by the end of the ongoing Iranian year; “about 24.7 billion dollars of oil revenues were received in the first nine months of the present year.”

Oil Minister of Iran predicted that each baller of oil will be sold at 55 dollars adding “commitments of OPEC members to cap output became operational as of January 01.”

Zanganeh reassured that OPEC and non-OPEC members would meet their obligations as a result of which surplus of oil will be removed from the market giving way to a balance between supply and demand as well as to higher crude prices.

He recalled that oil prices were already enjoying an upward trend; “the present uplift in prices is rooted in effects exerted on market psychology by the freeze deal though more tangible outcomes are yet to be revealed once all partied curtail production.”

Oil minister deemed current market conditions as satisfactory and one the right path reiterating that “prices are not falling as even consumers would not favor very low figures.”

“Ultimately, producers and consumers have reached the consensus that low crude prices are contrary to interests of global economy, sustainable supply of energy and even production of new energies.”

At the end of his remarks, the official disavowed the claims that Iran’s oil revenues were blocked by certain countries concluding that “all profits from the sale of oil are being received smoothly.”

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Following the inking of Memoranda of Understanding (MoUs) for conducting developmental studies in Azadegan oil field with France’s Total, Britain’s Royal Dutch Shell and Inpex Corporation of Japan, a cooperation agreement will be also inked in the current week between the largest Malaysian oil firm PETRONAS and the National Iranian Oil Company (NIOC) to carry out similar studies in Iran’s joint oil field with Iraq.

Moreover, NIOC will also sign into another deal with the Malaysian side in order to perform studies for boosting recovery factor in Cheshmeh Khosh field.

In recent months, NIOC has sealed several MoUs with Austria’s OMV and Gazprom of Russia aiming to increase recovery factor of Cheshmeh Khosh in the west of Iran.

The accord between NIOC and PETRONAS is scheduled to be signed on Wednesday in Tehran between officials of the two oil companies.

On the sidelines of his meeting with Minister of Foreign Trade and Industry of Malaysia Dato’ Seri Mustafa Muhammad, Iranian Oil Minister Bijan Zanganeh said Iran welcomes arrival of Malaysian firms, Petronas in particular, since they hold a long history of relations with the country’s oil industry.

Prior to sanction years, the bulk of cooperation between National Iranian Oil Company (NIOC) and Malaysia pertained to sales and exports of crude oil as Iran was deploying a daily average of 50 to 60 thousand barrels of crude oil to Malaysia’s PETRONAS under spot contracts, he continued.

One of NIOC’s most significant deals with Petronas was over the developmental project of South Pars Phase 11 which was supposed to be accomplished in collaboration with France’s Total and Repsol S.A. of Spain though the agreement was violated as a result of international sanctions against Iran.

Despite having had only a few years of activity in the oil and gas industry, PETRONAS remains among rare oil and gas companies who enjoy functionality and operational teams in both upstream and downstream oil sectors.

The Malaysian oil and gas company is currently active in numerous fields including oil and gas refining, construction of pipelines, LNG transfer, gasoline stations management, manufacturing and marketing of petrochemicals and chemicals, exploration, exploitation, drilling, production and storage of crude oil, petroleum products and natural gas.

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On cooperation between Tehran and Moscow over oil swap projects, Bijan Zanganeh said no talks were conducted in this regard during the recent visit to Iran of Russian Energy Minister Alexander Novak though relevant negotiations are underway with Lukoil company.

He further touched upon gas swap with Russia asserting “Gazprom is taking measures to join hands with Iran for gas swap purposes.

“During the recent visit of a Russian delegation to Tehran, talks were held over development of some Iranian oil fields and agreements were also signed.”

The official underlined that Russneft firm was seeking to collaborate with the Headquarters for Execution of Imam Khomeini’s Order (EIKO) to develop four oilfields including South Azadegan.

During visit of Russian economic and oil delegation, headed by Novak, to Tehran last week, the MoU for studying two oil fields of Cheshmeh Khoshk and Chenguleh in west of Iran were signed.

Accordingly, Iran’s Oil Minister Bijan Zanganeh reported on signing research and development MoUs with Russia for expansion of seven Iranian oilfields.

Russian Lukoil will be engaged in study on Mansouri and Ab Teimour, Russian Zarubezhneft will study Aban and West Paydar and Tatneft will study the Dehloran , while Gazprom will study Cheshmeh Khoshk and Chenguleh oil fields.

Meanwhile, one joint project likely to be implemented by the two sides is oil swap deal which has not reached conclusion and based on primary talks 150,000 barrels per day oil is slated to be swapped though the figure will eventually hit 500,000 barrels per day.

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